DASAR CARA BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS

 English Grammar: 16 Tenses, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat

– Menguasai tenses dalam bahasa Inggris sangat penting. Tenses digunakan hampir disemua English skills seperti listening, speaking, reading, dan writing. Mungkin banyak dari kalian yang mengalami kesulitan memahami tenses. Dalam English Grammar ada 16 Tenses yang harus anda pahami. Waduh banyak sekali ya? Untuk mempelajari 1 tenses aja susah…gimana dong? Tenang aja untuk mempelajari tenses tidaklah sulit. Anda tidak perlu menghafalnya cukup dengan memahaminya dengan benar. Anda akan hafal 16 macam tenses diluar kepala anda.

Tenses adalah metode berbasis kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu , dan kadang-kadang kelanjutan atau kelengkapan , dari suatu tindakan atau keadaan berkaitan dengan waktu berbicara. Jadi konsep tenses merupakan sebuah metode yang biasa digunakan untuk merujuk pada waktu – masa lalu (past), sekarang (present), dan masa depan (future)

Berikut ini  16 Tenses dalam English Grammar :

⦁    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

⦁    PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

⦁    PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    SIMPLE PAST TENSE

⦁    PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    PAST PERFECT TENSE

⦁    PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

⦁    FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

⦁    FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    PAST FUTURE TENSE

⦁    PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

⦁    PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

⦁    PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Berikut ini penjelasan singkat 16 Tenses, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat :

PRESENT TENSE

⦁    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran esensial yang terjadi dimasa sekarang (PRESENT).

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1 (s/es)

(-) Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + do + not + Verb 1

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Does + not + Verb 1

(?) Do + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1?

Does + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1?

Contoh:

(+) He studies English everynight.

(-) He does not study English everynight.

(?) Does he study English everynight?

⦁    PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini atau sedang berlangsung.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + Verb 1-ing

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + Verb 1-ing

(-)  Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + not + Verb 1-ing

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + not + Verb 1-ing

(?) To be (am/are) + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?

To be (is) + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?

Contoh:

(+) She is eating a cake

(-) She is not eating a cake

(?) Is she eating a cake?

⦁    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu pengalaman baik itu yang sudah pernah terjadi atau belum pernah terjadi.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + Verb 3

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + Verb 3

(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + Verb 3

Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + not + Verb 3

(?) Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 3?

Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 3?

Contoh:

(+) I have finished my homework

(-) I have not finished my homework

(?) Have I finished my homework?

⦁    PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus dilakukan sampai sekarang .

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + have + been + Verb-ing

Subject (S)  (He, She, It) + has + been + Verb-ing

(-)  Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + been + Verb-ing

Subject (S)  (He, She, It) + has + not + been + Verb-ing

(?)  Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + been + Verb-ing?

Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

(+) Sean have been sleeping for 3 hours

(-) Sean have not been sleeping for 3 hours

(?) Have Sean been sleeping for 3 hours?

PAST TENSE

⦁    SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple Past digunakan untuk menyatan fakta atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau. Masa lampau bisa berarti 5 menit yang lalu, sejam yang lalu, sehari yang lalu, dst. Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja bentuk kedua, bisa berupa regular verbs atau irregular verbs.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 2

(-)  Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )  + did + not + Verb 1

(?)  Did + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1?

Contoh:

(+) They played basketball lastnight.

(-) They did not play basketball lastnight.

(?) Did they play basketball lastnight?

⦁    PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan ketika kita berada di tengah-tengah kejadian atau melakukan sesuatu pada saat tertentu di masa lalu.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S)   (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + Verb 1-ing

Subject (S)    (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + Verb 1-ing

(-) Subject (S)    (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + not + Verb 1-ing

Subject (S)    (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + not + Verb 1-ing

(?) To be (were) + Subject (S) (You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?

To be (was) + Subject (S) (I,He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?

Contoh:

(+) Chef Billy was cooking a fried rice.

(-) Chef Billy was not cooking a fried rice.

(?) Was Chef Billy cooking a f ried rice?

Penjelasan lebih lengkap tentang Past Continuous Tense klik disini.

⦁    PAST PERFECT TENSE

The Past Perfect menyatakan ide bahwa sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu terjadi . Hal ini juga dapat menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It)+ had + Verb 3

(-)  Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + Verb 3

(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + Verb 3?

Contoh:

(+) We had arrived at the school.

(-) We had not arrived at the school

(?) Had we arrived at the school?

⦁    PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus sampai waktu lain di masa lalu.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + been + Verb-ing

(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + been + Verb-ing

(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

(+) Lea and Bob had been working together since 1990.

(-) Lea and Bob had not been working together since 1990.

(?) Had Lea and Bob been working together since 1990?

FUTURE TENSE

⦁    SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran esensial yang akan terjadi dimasa depan (FUTURE). Simple Future Tense biasanya menggunakan modal auxiliary verb “will” atau “shall”

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall+ Verb 1

(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + not + Verb 1

(?) Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1

Contoh:

(+) You will go to Australia next week.

(-) You will not go to Australia next week

(?) Will you go to Australia next week?

⦁    FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Continuous Tense menyatakankan tindakan pada saat tertentu di masa depan . Tindakan akan dimulai sebelum saat itu tetapi akan selesai pada saat itu.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall be + Verb 1-ing

(-)  Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall not be + not + Verb 1-ing

(?) Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + be + Verb 1-ing ?

Contoh:

(+) I and my sister will be watching movie tommorow.

(-) I and my sister will not be watching movie tommorow.

(?) Will I and my sister be watching movie tommorow?

⦁    FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect Tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara tentang masa lalu di masa depan .

RUMUS

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + Verb 3

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )+ will/shall + have + not + Verb 3

(?)     Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + Verb 3?

Contoh:

(+) We will have recived an email from Mr. Takamura.

(-) We will have not recived an email from Mr. Takamura.

(?) Will we have recived an email from Mr. Takamura?

⦁    FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk berbicara tentang tindakan yang panjang sebelum beberapa kejadian di masa depan.

RUMUS

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + not + been + Verb-ing

(?)     Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

(+) The artist will have been painting a canvas for 24 hours.

(-) The artist will have not been painting a canvas for 24 hours.

(?) Will The artist have been painting a canvas for 24 hours?

PAST FUTURE

⦁    SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang AKAN dilakukan , TETAPI di masa lalu , bukan sekarang.

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + Verb 1

(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + not + Verb 1

(?) Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1

Contoh:

(+) Jessica would dance at the show.

(-) Jessica would not dance at the show.

(?) Would Jessica dance at the show?

⦁    PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Future Continuous Tense menyatakankan tindakan akan berlangsung di masa lalu .

RUMUS

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should be + Verb 1-ing

(-)  Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + not be + not + Verb 1-ing

(?) Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + be + Verb 1-ing ?

Contoh:

(+) Mr. Jacob would be teaching Math at 9 p.m.

(-) Mr. Jacob would not be teaching Math at 9 p.m.

(?) Would Mr. Jacob be teaching Math at 9 p.m?

⦁    PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Past Future Tense menyatakan kembali aksi yang dinyatakan dalam Future Perfect Tense tetapi dengan dimensi waktu yang berbeda , itu adalah di masa lalu sementara Future Perfect di waktu mendatang ( belum terjadi ).

RUMUS

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + Verb 3

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )+ would/should + have + not + Verb 3

(?)     Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + Verb 3?

Contoh:

(+) She would have sent an email to her mother.

(-) She would not have sent an email to her mother.

(?) would she have sent an email to her mother?

⦁    FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense menekankan pada bagian dan durasi tindakan . Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk memberitahu tindakan yang seharusnya terjadi hingga waktu tertentu ( periode ) di masa lalu .

RUMUS

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + not + been + Verb-ing.

(?)     Would/should + subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

(+) Bruno Mars would have been singging for 3 hours.

(-) Bruno Mars would not have been singging for 3 hours.

(?) Would Bruno Mars have been singging for 3 hours?